Visible Signs of Damage:

Irregular Holes: Young larvae create small holes, while older caterpillars consume large portions of the leaves.

Skeletonised Leaves: Severe feeding may leave only the veins and midribs of affected leaves.

Presence of Frass: Dark-coloured insect droppings may be visible on leaves, shoots and fruits.

Flower and Fruit Damage: Larvae may feed on buds, flowers and developing fruits, reducing their market quality.

Reduced Plant Growth: Heavy infestation reduces photosynthesis, weakens plants and lowers crop yield.

Target Crops:

Cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, tomato, chilli, okra, cotton, soybean, groundnut, pulses, cucurbits and other vegetable crops.